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Material Pages

Each material here has a full page: verified chemical composition, properties, conditions and heat treatment, machining, welding, corrosion resistance, common mistakes and a comparison with similar materials. For a quick comparison across all 362 materials, see the materials database or Smart Search.

Aluminum

1000 series: pure aluminum (6)

1050-H141000-series pure aluminum, at least 99.5% aluminum1060-H141000-series pure aluminum, at least 99.6% aluminum1100-H141000-series pure aluminum, at least 99.0% aluminum, with a small copper addition1145-H191000-series pure aluminum for foil, at least 99.45% aluminum1200-H141000-series pure aluminum, at least 99.0% aluminum1350-H191000-series pure aluminum for electrical conductors (EC grade)

2000 series: Al-Cu, including Al-Li (13)

2011-T3A 2000-series Al-Cu alloy, the most machinable of the common aluminum alloys2014-T6A 2000-series Al-Cu-Si-Mg alloy, for high-strength forged parts2017-T4 (Duralumin)A 2000-series Al-Cu-Mg alloy, the original Duralumin2024-T4A 2000-series Al-Cu-Mg alloy, the fatigue-resistant aerospace alloy2025-T6A 2000-series Al-Cu-Si-Mn alloy, for forged parts2055 Al-Li Gen3A third-generation Al-Cu-Li alloy, one of the strongest in the family2060-T8E30A third-generation Al-Cu-Li alloy, for fuselage skin and wings2099-T83A third-generation Al-Cu-Li alloy, for structural extrusions2195 Al-LiA third-generation Al-Cu-Li alloy, for space fuel tanks2196-T8511A third-generation Al-Cu-Li alloy, for aerospace extrusions2219-T87A 2000-series Al-Cu-Mn alloy, one of the few in the series that can be welded2618-T651A 2000-series Al-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe alloy that keeps its strength when hotAlclad 2024-T32024 sheet clad with a thin layer of purer aluminum

3000 series: Al-Mn (5)

3003-H14A 3000-series Al-Mn alloy, the most common general-purpose aluminum alloy3004-H19A 3000-series Al-Mn-Mg alloy, stronger than 30033005-H14A 3000-series Al-Mn-Mg alloy, between 3003 and 30043104-H19A 3000-series Al-Mn-Mg alloy, the beverage can body3105-H14A 3000-series Al-Mn-Mg alloy, for painted sheet and closures

4000 series: Al-Si (4)

4004A 4000-series Al-Si-Mg alloy, for vacuum brazing4032-T6A 4000-series Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy, for forged pistons4043A 4000-series Al-Si filler alloy4047A 4000-series Al-Si alloy with about 12% silicon, for welding and brazing

5000 series: Al-Mg (12)

5005-H34A low-magnesium 5000-series Al-Mg alloy, for anodized architectural sheet5052-H32A 5000-series Al-Mg alloy, the common sheet alloy for forming and bending5059-H116A 5000-series Al-Mg-Mn-Zn-Zr alloy, one of the strongest weldable alloys5083-H111A 5000-series Al-Mg alloy, the strongest of the common non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys5086-H112A 5000-series Al-Mg alloy, between 5052 and 5083 in strength5182-H19A 5000-series Al-Mg-Mn alloy, for can ends and automotive structural parts5251-H24A 5000-series Al-Mg alloy, common in the UK and Europe5356A 5000-series Al-Mg filler alloy, the common MIG wire for aluminum5454-H32A 5000-series Al-Mg-Mn alloy, for elevated-temperature service5456-H321A 5000-series Al-Mg-Mn alloy, stronger than 50835657-H25A 5000-series Al-Mg alloy on a very pure aluminum base, for a bright finish5754-H22A 5000-series Al-Mg alloy, the common structural sheet alloy in Europe

6000 series: Al-Mg-Si (12)

6005-T5A 6000-series Al-Si-Mg alloy, for load-bearing profiles6009-T4A 6000-series Al-Si-Mg-Mn alloy, one of the first automotive sheet alloys6013-T6A 6000-series Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, one of the strongest in the series6016-T4A 6000-series Al-Si-Mg alloy, the European automotive body sheet6060-T6A 6000-series Al-Mg-Si alloy, the common extrusion alloy in Europe6061-T6A 6000-series Al-Mg-Si alloy, the most common structural aluminum alloy in the world6063-T6A 6000-series Al-Mg-Si alloy, the extrusion alloy of building and architecture6082-T6A 6000-series Al-Si-Mg-Mn alloy, the most common structural alloy in Europe6101-T61A 6000-series Al-Mg-Si alloy for electrical conductors6111-T4A 6000-series Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, a higher-strength automotive sheet6262-T9A free-machining 6000-series Al-Mg-Si alloy6351-T6A 6000-series Al-Si-Mg-Mn alloy, very close to 6082

7000 series: Al-Zn (13)

7003-T6A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Zr alloy, for welded extrusions7005-T6A copper-free 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg alloy, for welded extrusions7010-T7451A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy, for thick aerospace plate7020-T651A copper-free 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg alloy that can be welded7049-T7352A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, for forgings and extrusions with high stress corrosion resistance7050-T7451A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, for thick aerospace parts7055-T7751A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy, one of the strongest in plate7068-T6511A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, one of the strongest commercially available7075-T6A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, one of the strongest in common use7085-T7452A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, for very thick plate and large forgings7150-T77511A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy, for the upper wing7175-T74A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, a refined version of 7075 for forgings7449-T7651A 7000-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy, for a high-strength upper wing

8000 series (3)

8006-H14An 8000-series Al-Fe-Mn alloy, for foil and containers8079-OAn 8000-series Al-Fe alloy, for flexible packaging foil8090 Al-LiA second-generation Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloy

Casting alloys (8)

201.0-T7An Al-Cu-Ag casting alloy, the strongest aluminum casting242.0An Al-Cu-Ni-Mg casting alloy ("Y alloy"), for elevated temperature319.0An Al-Si-Cu casting alloy, for engine blocks and cylinder heads360.0An Al-Si-Mg die casting alloy, corrosion resistant390.0A hypereutectic Al-Si casting alloy, for wear resistance413.0A eutectic Al-Si casting alloy, for die casting thin, pressure-tight partsA356.0-T6An Al-Si-Mg casting alloy, for cast parts with good strength and ductilityA380.0An Al-Si-Cu casting alloy, the most common high-pressure die casting alloy

Special (1)

ScalmalloyAn Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy for laser metal printing

Stainless steel

Austenitic (13)

201A low-nickel Cr-Mn-Ni austenitic stainless steel301An austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel that work hardens strongly302An austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel with higher carbon, for springs and wire303An austenitic stainless steel with sulfur, for free machining304 / 304LAn austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel (18/8), the most common stainless steel in the world304HAn 18/8 austenitic stainless with controlled carbon for hot service309 / 309SA heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel (22.0 Cr - 12.0 Ni)310 / 310SA heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel (24.0 Cr - 19.0 Ni)316 / 316LAn austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel, "marine grade stainless"316TiA titanium-stabilized austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel317LAn austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel with more molybdenum than 316L321An austenitic stainless steel stabilized with titanium347An austenitic stainless steel stabilized with niobium

Super-austenitic (2)

254 SMOA super-austenitic stainless steel with 6% molybdenum (6Mo)904LA Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu super-austenitic stainless steel

Martensitic (6)

410A hardenable 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel416A 12% chromium martensitic stainless with sulfur, for free machining420A 13% chromium martensitic stainless with carbon for high hardness431A Cr-Ni martensitic stainless steel, strong and relatively corrosion resistant440AA 17% chromium martensitic stainless steel with high carbon440CA 17% chromium martensitic stainless steel with very high carbon

Precipitation hardening (PH) (5)

13-8 PHA Cr-Ni-Mo-Al martensitic PH stainless steel, for aerospace15-5 PHA Cr-Ni-Cu martensitic PH stainless steel with a ferrite-free structure17-4 PH (630)A Cr-Ni-Cu martensitic precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steelA286Iron-base superalloy, for bolts and heatPH 15-7MoA Cr-Ni-Mo-Al semi-austenitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel

Duplex (3)

2205 DuplexA duplex (ferrite + austenite) stainless steel, the most common of its type2304A lean duplex stainless steel2507 Super DuplexA 25% chromium super duplex stainless steel

Ferritic (5)

409An 11% chromium titanium-stabilized ferritic stainless, for exhausts430A 17% chromium ferritic stainless steel, without nickel434A 17% chromium ferritic stainless with 1% molybdenum439An 18% chromium titanium-stabilized ferritic stainless steel444A stabilized Cr-Mo ferritic stainless with 316-level resistance

Steel

Structural steels (4)

A36An American carbon structural steelA572 Gr.50An American HSLA structural steel, 345 MPa yieldS275A European structural steel, 275 MPa yieldS355The most common European structural steel, 355 MPa yield

High-strength structural steels (3)

A514An American quenched and tempered high-strength plate steelS420 / S460Fine-grain thermomechanically rolled structural steels (M)S690QLA quenched and tempered high-strength structural steel (QL)

Pressure vessel and line pipe steels (3)

A387 Gr.22A Cr-Mo steel for high-temperature pressure vessels (2.25Cr-1Mo)A516 Gr.70A carbon steel plate for pressure vesselsAPI 5L X65A line pipe steel for oil and gas transmission

Abrasion-resistant steels (1)

Hardox 400An abrasion-resistant (AR) steel, 400 HBW

Low-carbon steels (3)

1010A low-carbon steel1018A low-carbon steel1020A low-carbon steel

Medium-carbon steels (3)

1040A hardenable medium-carbon steel1045A hardenable medium-carbon steel1050A hardenable medium-carbon steel

High-carbon steels (3)

1060A high-carbon steel1080A high-carbon steel1095A high-carbon steel

Free-machining steels (3)

1144A resulfurized medium-carbon steel with high manganese1215A free-machining steel, with sulfur and phosphorus12L14A free-machining steel with lead

Cr-Mo alloy steels (4)

4130A weldable Cr-Mo alloy steel ("chromoly")4140A medium-carbon Cr-Mo alloy steel, the common choice for machine parts4142A Cr-Mo alloy steel, close to 41404150A higher-carbon Cr-Mo alloy steel

High-strength Ni-Cr-Mo steels (3)

300MA Ni-Cr-Mo-Si-V ultra-high-strength alloy steel4330VA Ni-Cr-Mo-V alloy steel with high strength and toughness4340A Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel, for high hardenability and strength

Ultra-high-strength steels (Maraging and AerMet) (4)

AerMet 100A Co-Ni-Cr-Mo ultra-high-strength steelMaraging 25018Ni maraging steel, tougher than 300Maraging 300An age-hardened Ni-Co-Mo (maraging) steelMaraging 35018Ni maraging steel, the strongest of the family

Carburizing steels (6)

16MnCr5Mn-Cr case-hardening steel, the most common in Europe18CrNiMo7-6Cr-Ni-Mo case-hardening steel for heavy gears20MnCr5Mn-Cr case-hardening steel with higher hardenability4620A Ni-Mo carburizing alloy steel8620A Ni-Cr-Mo carburizing alloy steel9310A Ni-Cr-Mo carburizing alloy steel, for aerospace

Nitriding steels (1)

31CrMoV9Cr-Mo-V nitriding steel

Spring steels (2)

5160A chromium spring steel6150A Cr-V alloy spring steel

Bearing steels (1)

52100A high-carbon chromium bearing steel

Naval plate steels (1)

HY-80 / HY-100A quenched and tempered Ni-Cr-Mo plate steel for naval vessels

Tool steels

Cold-work tool steels (8)

A2An air-hardening cold-work tool steelA7Air-hardening tool steel, for extreme wearD2A high-carbon, high-chromium cold-work tool steelD3Cold work tool steel, highly wear resistantO1An oil-hardening cold-work tool steelS1Shock-resisting tool steelS7A shock-resisting tool steelW1A carbon tool steel, water hardening

Plastic mold steels (1)

P20A pre-hardened plastic mold steel

Hot-work tool steels (3)

H11A Cr-Mo-V hot-work tool steelH13The most common Cr-Mo-V hot-work tool steelH21A tungsten hot-work tool steel

High-speed steels (HSS) (4)

M2A molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steel (HSS)M42A cobalt high-speed steel (HSS-E)M7Molybdenum high-speed steelT15A tungsten high-speed steel with vanadium and cobalt

Powder-metallurgy tool steels (PM) (5)

ASP 2023PM high-speed steel (M3:2)ASP 2030PM cobalt high-speed steelCPM 10VA powder-metallurgy (PM) tool steel with very high vanadiumCPM 3VPM tool steel, very toughCPM S30VA powder-metallurgy martensitic stainless steel, for wear and corrosion resistance

Titanium

Commercially pure and lean titanium (CP) (5)

Grade 1Commercially pure (CP) titaniumGrade 12A lean titanium alloy, a cheaper alternative to Grade 7Grade 2Commercially pure (CP) titaniumGrade 4Commercially pure (CP) titaniumGrade 7Unalloyed titanium with palladium, for acids

Alpha-beta alloys (5)

Ti-3Al-2.5V (Grade 9)A medium-strength alpha-beta titanium alloyTi-6246A high-strength α+β titanium alloyTi-6Al-4V (Grade 5)The most common alpha-beta titanium alloyTi-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)An alpha-beta titanium alloy, ELI (extra low interstitial) versionTi-6Al-7NbAn α+β titanium alloy for implants

Near-alpha alloys (for heat) (1)

Ti-6242A near-alpha titanium alloy for elevated-temperature service

Beta and near-beta alloys (4)

Beta CA beta titanium alloyTi-10-2-3A high-strength near-beta titanium alloy for forgingsTi-15-3A cold-formable beta titanium alloyTi-5553A very high-strength near-beta titanium alloy

Nickel alloys

Pure nickel (1)

Nickel 200Commercially pure nickel

Nickel-copper (Monel) (2)

Monel 400A nickel-copper alloy (about 2/3 nickel, 1/3 copper)Monel K-500An age-hardenable nickel-copper alloy

Nickel-chromium (Inconel) (2)

Inconel 600A nickel-chromium-iron alloy for high-temperature serviceInconel 625A strong, corrosion-resistant Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb nickel alloy

Nickel-iron-chromium (Incoloy) (2)

Incoloy 800Nickel-iron-chromium alloy for heatIncoloy 825Nickel-iron-chromium alloy for acids

Nickel-molybdenum-chromium (Hastelloy) (4)

Hastelloy B-3A nickel-molybdenum alloy for reducing acidsHastelloy C-22Nickel-chromium-molybdenum for mixed chemical environmentsHastelloy C-276A Ni-Mo-Cr nickel alloy for severe corrosionHastelloy XA Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo nickel alloy for high temperature

Age-hardenable superalloys (5)

Haynes 282A fabricable nickel-based superalloyInconel 718An age-hardenable nickel-based superalloyInconel X-750Age-hardenable nickel alloy, for springs and heatRené 41A very high-strength nickel-based superalloyWaspaloyA γ'-strengthened nickel-based superalloy

Controlled-expansion alloys (iron-nickel) (2)

Invar 36An iron-nickel alloy with very low thermal expansionKovarAn iron-nickel-cobalt alloy for glass-to-metal seals

Shape memory alloys (1)

NitinolA nickel-titanium shape memory alloy

Cobalt alloys

Wear-resistant (Stellite) (2)

Stellite 21A low-carbon cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloyStellite 6A cobalt wear alloy for hardfacing

High strength for springs and fasteners (2)

ElgiloyA Co-Cr-Ni-Mo cobalt spring alloyMP35NA very high-strength Co-Ni-Cr-Mo alloy

Cobalt for high temperature (1)

L-605 (Haynes 25)A cobalt-based superalloy with tungsten

Copper, brass and bronze

Pure copper (4)

C101 (Cu-OFE)Oxygen-free electronic (OFE) copper, 99.99% pureC10200 (OF)Oxygen-free copper, 99.95%C110 (Cu-ETP)Electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copperC14500Free-machining, conductive copper

Strengthened copper (beryllium, chromium-zirconium, oxide) (3)

C17200 (CuBe2)The strongest copper alloy, age hardenedCuCrZr (CW106C / C18150)Age-hardened copper, for welding electrodesGlidCop AL-15Dispersion-strengthened (DS) copper

Brass (7)

C220a golden 90/10 brassC26070/30 brass, the most ductile for deep drawingC28060/40 alpha-beta brass, for hot workingC353a leaded brass for sheet and precision partsC360a leaded free-machining brassC37700Alpha-beta brass for hot forgingCuZn39Pb3 (CW614N)Alpha-beta free-machining brass

Naval brass and copper-nickel (3)

C464naval brass: 60/40 with tinC706 (CuNi 90/10)A 90/10 copper-nickel alloy for seawater pipingC71500 (CuNi 70/30)70/30 copper-nickel for seawater

Nickel silver (1)

C75200A silvery copper-nickel-zinc alloy

Tin bronzes (phosphor and bearing) (4)

C510A phosphor bronze (copper-tin-phosphorus)C521A phosphor bronze (copper-tin-phosphorus)C544A leaded phosphor bronze, for machiningC932 (SAE 660)A cast tin-lead bearing bronze

Aluminum bronzes (5)

C614A wrought aluminum bronzeC630 (NAB)A nickel aluminum bronze (NAB)C954A cast aluminum bronzeC95500 (NAB)A strong cast nickel-aluminum bronzeC95800 (NAB)A marine cast nickel-aluminum bronze

Silicon and manganese bronzes (2)

C655A silicon bronzeC863A high-strength cast manganese bronze

Cast iron

Gray and compacted graphite iron (2)

CGI (Compacted Graphite Iron)Cast iron with compacted (vermicular) graphiteGray Cast IronCast iron with flake graphite

Ductile, ADI and malleable iron (3)

ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron)Austempered ductile ironDuctile IronCast iron with spheroidal (nodular) graphiteMalleable IronMalleable cast iron, annealed from white iron

Abrasion-resistant white iron (2)

Ni-HardA martensitic Ni-Cr white iron, abrasion resistantWhite Cast IronA hard, abrasion-resistant cast iron without graphite

Alloyed austenitic iron (1)

Ni-ResistAn austenitic high-nickel cast iron

Magnesium

Wrought magnesium alloys (4)

AZ31BThe most common wrought magnesium alloy for sheet and extrusionsAZ61AA medium-high strength wrought magnesium alloy for extrusions and forgingsAZ80AA high-strength wrought magnesium alloy for forgingsZK60AA high-strength wrought Zn-Zr magnesium alloy

Die-casting alloys (2)

AM60BA ductile magnesium die-casting alloy for automotive safety partsAZ91DThe most common magnesium die-casting alloy

High-temperature alloys (rare earth) (2)

EZ33AA cast rare-earth magnesium alloy for creep and pressure tightnessWE43A yttrium and rare-earth magnesium alloy for high temperature

Special metals

Refractory metals (4)

Molybdenum (Mo)A refractory metal, melting point about 2620 °CNiobium (Nb)A ductile, relatively light refractory metalTantalum (Ta)A ductile refractory metal, highly corrosion resistantTungsten (W)A refractory metal, the highest melting point of all metals

Tungsten alloys (heavy alloy, copper-tungsten) (2)

Copper-Tungsten (W-Cu)Copper-infiltrated tungsten, for electrodes and contactsTungsten Heavy Alloy (B777)A heavy, machinable tungsten alloy

Soft magnetic materials (5)

48% Nickel-Iron (Permalloy 50)A nickel-iron alloy with balanced saturation and permeabilityElectrical Steel (Silicon Steel)A magnetic steel for laminationsHiperco 50An iron-cobalt alloy for maximum magnetic saturationMagnetic Pure Iron (Armco)Low-carbon iron for DCMu-metalA nickel-iron alloy for magnetic shielding

Zirconium and beryllium (2)

Beryllium (Be)An exceptionally light and very stiff metalZirconium 702A corrosion-resistant commercial zirconium

Zinc die-casting alloys (3)

ZA-8a strong zinc-aluminum (ZA) alloyZamak 3the most common zinc die-casting alloyZamak 5a stronger zinc die-casting alloy with copper

Bearing metal (1)

Babbitt (White Metal)A soft tin or lead alloy for plain bearings

Additive manufacturing (AM)

Powder bed fusion (PBF) (4)

AM 316LAn austenitic stainless steel by metal printingAM Inconel 718A superalloy by metal printingAM Maraging 300 (1.2709)A printed maraging steel, for toolingAM Ti-6Al-4VThe most common titanium alloy in metal printing

Polymers

High-performance polymers (16)

ETFEA strong, radiation-resistant fluoropolymerFEPA melt-processable fluoropolymer, up to 200 °CLCPA liquid crystal polymer, for very thin wallsPAI (Torlon)The strongest thermoplastic at temperaturePCTFEA stiff fluoropolymer for cryogenic valvesPEEKA very high-performance engineering polymerPEEK CF30Carbon-fiber filled PEEK, a metal replacementPEI (Ultem)A high-performance amorphous engineering polymerPEKKA PAEK polymer for aerospace and printingPFAA melt-processable fluoropolymer, up to 260 °CPI (Vespel)A polymer that does not melt, for extreme heat and vacuumPPSA semi-crystalline polymer, highly chemical resistantPPSUAn amorphous polymer for repeated steam sterilizationPSU (Polysulfone)A transparent amorphous polymer, resistant to steam and hot waterPTFEThe most chemically resistant polymer, very low frictionPVDFA strong, chemical-resistant fluoropolymer

Engineering plastics (11)

ABSA common, tough and cheap amorphous plasticPA12 (Nylon 12)A low-water-absorption polyamidePA46A polyamide for heat and gearsPA6 (Nylon 6)An engineering polyamide (nylon)PA66 (Nylon 66)An engineering polyamide (nylon)PBTAn engineering thermoplastic polyesterPC (Polycarbonate)A transparent, highly impact-resistant plasticPETA dimensionally stable engineering polyesterPMMA (Acrylic)A glass-clear plasticPOM (Acetal)A strong, stable, low-friction engineering plasticPPAA semi-aromatic polyamide for heat

Commodity plastics (polyolefins and PVC) (4)

HDPE / LDPEThe most common plastic, cheap and chemically resistantPP (Polypropylene)A light, cheap, chemically resistant plasticPVCA cheap rigid plastic for piping and constructionUHMWPEA highly abrasion- and impact-resistant polyethylene

Thermoplastic elastomer (1)

TPUA flexible, abrasion-resistant thermoplastic elastomer

Ceramics and carbides

Oxide ceramics (4)

Alumina (Al₂O₃ 99.5%)The most common technical ceramicMacor (Machinable Ceramic)A glass-ceramic machinable with ordinary toolsSapphireSingle-crystal alumina, transparent and very hardZirconia (ZrO₂ Y-TZP)The toughest and strongest ceramic

Non-oxide ceramics (carbides and nitrides) (5)

Aluminum Nitride (AlN)An insulating ceramic that conducts heatBoron Carbide (B₄C)An exceptionally hard and very light ceramicHexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN)A soft, machinable ceramicSilicon Carbide (SiC)A very hard, heat-conducting ceramicSilicon Nitride (Si₃N₄)A strong, light ceramic, thermal-shock resistant

Technical glasses (2)

Borosilicate Glass 3.3A chemically and thermally shock-resistant glassFused SilicaPure SiO₂ glass, for thermal shock and UV

Cutting-tool materials (4)

Cermet (TiCN)An insert material for fast finishingPCBN (Cubic Boron Nitride)A cutting-tool material for hardened steelPCD (Polycrystalline Diamond)The hardest cutting-tool materialTungsten Carbide (WC-Co)Cemented carbide with a cobalt binder, for cutting tools

Composites

Fiber-reinforced polymers (7)

Aramid (Kevlar) UD CompositeAn aramid composite: strong in tension and impact resistantBasalt Fiber CompositeA composite of fibers from volcanic rockCFRP Quasi-IsotropicA carbon-fiber laminate with similar in-plane propertiesCFRP UD (Unidirectional Carbon)A carbon-fiber composite, all fibers in one directionGFRP UD (Unidirectional Glass)A strong, cheap unidirectional glass-fiber compositeGFRP Woven GlassThe most common composite, "fiberglass"Kevlar KM2 FabricAn aramid fabric for ballistic protection

Industrial laminates (G-10, phenolic) (2)

G-10 / FR-4A glass-epoxy laminate for insulating partsPhenolic LaminateA paper or cotton laminate in phenolic resin

High-temperature and metal-matrix composites (3)

Al/SiC (Metal Matrix Composite)Aluminum reinforced with silicon carbide particlesC/C (Carbon-Carbon)Carbon fibers in a carbon matrix, for extreme heatCMC (Ceramic Matrix Composite)A fiber-reinforced ceramic, heat resistant

Sandwich cores (2)

Aluminum HoneycombA very light core for sandwich structuresNomex HoneycombA non-metallic, light, fire-resistant core

Elastomers (rubber)

Rubbers for seals (7)

CR (Neoprene)A balanced rubber for general and outdoor useEPDMA rubber resistant to weather, water and steamFFKM (Perfluoroelastomer)The most chemical- and heat-resistant elastomerFKM (Viton)A fluorinated rubber for heat and chemicalsHNBRNitrile rubber improved for heat and abrasionNBR (Nitrile, Buna-N)A rubber for seals in oils and fuelsSilicone (VMQ)A rubber with a very wide temperature range